C/C++

When dealing with C, intrinsic types are in lowercase. Defined types are in all caps by convention. C data types are case-sensitive. Integer-class types can take a modifier of "signed" or "unsigned", and are signed by default.

C arrays are defined by the number of elements and are indexed from zero:

"char foo[32]" translates to DIM foo(0 TO 31) AS BYTE, or DIM foo AS STRING * 32, depending on the context of the code.

C arrays are stored in row-major order whereas PowerBASIC arrays are stored in column-major order. Bear in mind that when accessing C arrays the following C code:

k = arr[i,j]

would translate to PowerBASIC as:

k = arr(j,i)

C arrays are accessed as follows:

(0,0), (0,1), (0,2), ...

(1,0), (1,1), (1,2), ...

whereas PowerBASIC arrays are accessed:

(0,0), (1,0), (2,0), ...

(0,1), (1,1), (2,1), ...

Commonly, C/C++ code prefixes data types with "LP" which indicates a pointer. Therefore, items with the LP prefix usually correspond to a pointer in PowerBASIC; however, the size of the pointer's target will depend on the data type.

More information on C/C++ syntax can be found on the Internet, such as at http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1124.pdf and http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/

C/C++ Data Types

Type	Language	Format	PowerBASIC
bool	C++	unsigned 8-bit	BYTE (2)
char	C/C++	signed 8-bit	BYTE (2)
char*	C/C++	char pointer	STRINGZ (1)
double	C/C++	8-byte float	DOUBLE
float	C/C++	4-byte float	SINGLE
int	C/C++	signed 32-bit	LONG (3)
long	C/C++	signed 32-bit	LONG
short	C/C++	signed 16-bit	INTEGER
void	C/C++	(no return value)	SUB
void *	C/C++	pointer	(ANY) [PTR] (1)

Defined types (SDK types)

Type	Format	PowerBASIC
ATOM	unsigned 16-bit	WORD
BOOL	signed 32-bit	LONG
boolean	8-bit integer	BYTE
Boolean	signed 16-bit	INTEGER
BOOLEAN	8-bit integer	BYTE
BSTR	dynamic string	WSTRING {unicode}
BYTE	unsigned 8-bit	BYTE
COLORREF	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD
DWORD	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD
HANDLE	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD
HWND/HDC/	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD
INT32	signed 32-bit	LONG
INT64	signed 64-bit	QUAD
LARGE_INTEGER	signed 64-bit	QUAD
LPARAM	signed 32-bit	LONG
LP	pointer	(ANY) [PTR] (4)
LPCSTR	STRINGZ pointer	STRINGZ [PTR]
LPDWORD	DWORD pointer	DWORD [PTR]
LPINT	LONG pointer	LONG [PTR]
LPSTR	STRINGZ pointer	STRINGZ [PTR]
LPUINT	DWORD pointer	DWORD [PTR]
LPVOID	32-bit pointer	(ANY) [PTR]
LPWSTR	WSTRINGZ pointer	WSTRINGZ [PTR]
LRESULT	signed 32-bit	LONG
NULL	32-bit	0 or %NULL
PASCAL	{calling convention}	/STDCALL
QWORD	unsigned 64-bit	QUAD (2)
STDCALL	{calling convention}	SDECL/STDCALL
UCHAR	unsigned 8-bit	BYTE
UINT	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD (3)
UINT16	unsigned 16-bit	WORD
UINT32	unsigned 32-bit	DWORD
UINT64	unsigned 64-bit	QUAD (2)
VOID	SUB	{no return value}
VOID *	pointer	(ANY) [PTR] (1)
WINAPI	{calling convention}	SDECL/STDCALL
WORD	unsigned 16-bit	WORD
WPARAM	signed 32-bit	LONG